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涂层与防护
第 40 卷第 9 期 Vol.40 No.9
Sept.2019
2019 年 9 月
COATING AND PROTECTION
石棉检测技术中常用方法及相关标准研究
勾运书
(中海油常州涂料化工研究院有限公司,江苏常州 213016)
摘要:石棉是一类对人体有高度危害的物质,目前石棉的检测技术有很多种,其中用的最多的是偏光
显微镜( PLM)法、X 射线衍射( XRD)法、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)法。 文中针对 3 种技术做了详细的阐
述,同时又根据每种技术的特点优化了测试流程,即通过 XRD 法进行初筛选,对筛选出疑似含有石棉的样
品再用 PLM 法或 SEM-EDS 法做进一步确认,几种方法相互辅证,提高了检测准确性的同时又大大提高了
工作效率。 最后对现行的关于石棉检测标准中的测试方法进行了归纳总结。
关键词:石棉;偏光显微镜法;X 射线衍射法;扫描电镜-能谱法;标准
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中图分类号:TQ630.7 2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-2418(2019)09-0013-07
Research on Conventional Testing Technologies and
Related Standards in Asbestos Determination
Gou Yunshu
(CNOOC Changzhou Paint and Coatings Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu
213016, China)
Abstract: Asbestos is a kind of substance which is highly harmful to human health. At present,
there are many determinating methods for asbestos, and polarizing microscopy (PLM), X -ray
diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) are
the methods that are widely used. This article describes the three methods in detail and optimizes
the testing process according to the characteristics of each method. Thus, the initial screening is
carried out by XRD method, then the screened samples that is suspected to contain asbestos are
further confirmed by PLM or SEM-EDS. Three methods are used to complement mutually, which
improves the accuracy and efficiency greatly. Finally, the determination methods of the existing
standards for asbestos were summarized.
Keywords: asbestos; polarizing microscopy; X -ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy -
energy spectrometry; standard
[1]
0 引言 透闪石石棉和阳起石石棉等 。 由于石棉是一种具有
优异物理性能和化学性能的材料,因此是一类重要的
石棉是天然纤维状硅酸盐类矿物质的总称。 主要 工业材料。 通常多应用于建筑材料、船舶材料、粉末化
分为温石棉(蛇纹石石棉)和角闪石石棉。 其中角闪石 妆品等 [2-5] 。 但石棉高度危害人类的健康,长期吸入石
石棉又分 5 个亚种,即青石棉、铁石棉、直闪石石棉、 棉纤维可引起石棉肺、肺癌、胸膜间皮瘤、腹膜间皮瘤
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分析测试 ANALYSIS AND TEST